Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is an organic molecule that is very toxic to mammals and many other organisms. It is produced by …
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In Focus: Two Pore Segment Channels (TPCs)
Among various vertebrate species, three genes are known to encode two pore segment channels (TPCs) termed TPC1-3. Interestingly, TPC3 seems …
In Focus: Connexin and Pannexin Gap Junction Channels
Gap junctions are usually found in clusters and enable intercellular communication by allowing the passage of small molecules between cells2. …
In Focus: Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors
The excitatory effects of glutamate (the major excitatory neurotransmitter) are mediated by the activation of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. These …
Setting the Pace with NaV1.5 Channels
SCN5A is the gene encoding NaV1.5 voltage-gated Na+ channels. These membrane proteins are responsible for the initiation and propagation of …
Ion Channels and Pain
Pain perception becomes a burden and ceases to be physiologically beneficial when the threat causing the pain is gone and …
T-Type Ca2+ Channels
T-type Ca2+ channels are at the heart of numerous research topics such as pain and epilepsy. This paper aims at …
In Focus: Labeled α-Bungarotoxin
α-Bungarotoxin is a 74 amino acid peptidyl toxin isolated from the venom of the banded krait snake, Bungarus multicinctus1. α-Bungarotoxin …
In Focus: NCX Exchangers
Ca2+ has proven to be a universal signaling molecule in excitable and nonexcitable cells. However, being that its intracellular concentration …