Extracellular antibodies are ideal research tools for cell-surface proteins.

No permeabilization/fixation because using extracellular antibodies allows you to work with live cells!

Benefits of live cell imaging:
✓ Monitor cell movement
✓ Study protein transport across the cell
✓ Investigate protein internalization

The transport of Glu into the cells by the EAAT transporters is coupled to the Na⁺ and K⁺ electrochemical gradient as a driving force. Hence, the uptake of Glu is dependent on the co-transport of three Na⁺ and one H⁺ ions, and the counter transport of one K⁺ ion.
In addition, to the well documented Glu uptake, the EAAT transporters show a Glu-independent Cl^– conductance. The physiological significance of the Cl^– current through the EAATs is currently unknown.