Extracellular antibodies are ideal research tools for cell-surface proteins.

No permeabilization/fixation because using extracellular antibodies allows you to work with live cells!

Benefits of live cell imaging:
✓ Monitor cell movement
✓ Study protein transport across the cell
✓ Investigate protein internalization

L-type Ca²⁺ channels include four different isoforms of the α1 pore-forming subunit: Ca_V1.1, Ca_V1.2, Ca_V1.3 and Ca_V1.4. Their expression is detected in muscle, heart, retina and neurons where they play important roles in muscle contraction, hormone secretion, neuronal excitability and gene expression.