Overview
- Peptide CSPAPGSWLNLSHVDGN, corresponding to amino acid residues 22-38 of rat µ-Opioid receptor (Accession P33535). Extracellular, N-terminus.
Cell surface detection of OPRM1 in intact living human T-lymphocyte (Jurkat) cells:___ Unstained cells.
___ Cells + Anti-µ-Opioid Receptor (OPRM1) (extracellular)-ATTO Fluor-488 Antibody (#AOR-011-AG), (10-15 µg/5x105 cells).
- Pan, L. et al. (2005) Neuroscience 133, 209.
- http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/.
- Matthes, H.W. et al. (1998) J. Neurosci. 18, 7285.
- Shaqura, M.A. et al. (2004) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 308, 712.
- Baraldi, P.G. et al. (2006) Curr. Med. Chem. 13, 3467.
Endogenous opiates such as endorphins, endomorphins, and enkephalins, as well as opiate drugs (including morphine) exert their effects by binding to opioid receptors. Three "classic" types of opioid receptors have been identified: mu (µ)-opioid (MOP) receptor, delta (δ)-opioid (DOP) receptor, and kappa (κ)-opioid (KOP) receptor.1 Recently, the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide (NOP) receptor was also described. Despite its significant sequence homology, its pharmacological profile differs greatly from those of the classic µ, δ, and κ receptors.2
The opioid receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily whose members share a common structure of seven putative transmembrane domains, an extracellular amino terminus, a cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus, and a third intracellular loop important for binding G proteins.1
All three receptors mediate opioid-induced analgesia. Supraspinal analgesia is mainly mediated by the µ-receptors, whereas µ-, δ-, and κ-receptors participate in the control of pain at the spinal level. These receptors also mediate the mood-altering properties of opioids.3
Of the opioid receptors, the µ-opioid receptor has been the most extensively studied due to its important role in mediating the actions of morphine and other analgesic agents, as well as other addictive drugs such as heroin.1 The µ-opioid receptors are expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the peripherial nervous system.4 The highest densities are found in the thalamus, caudate putamen, neocortex, amygdala, and other brain regions known to have well established roles in pain and analgesia.5
Anti-µ-Opioid Receptor (OPRM1) (extracellular) Antibody (#AOR-011) is a highly specific antibody directed against an extracellular epitope of the rat protein. The antibody can be used in western blot, immunohistochemistry, and live cell imaging applications. It has been designed to recognize MOR-1 from rat, human, and mouse samples.
Anti-µ-Opioid Receptor (OPRM1) (extracellular)-ATTO Fluor-488 Antibody (#AOR-011-AG) is directly labeled with an ATTO-488 fluorescent dye. ATTO dyes are characterized by strong absorption (high extinction coefficient), high fluorescence quantum yield, and high photo-stability. The ATTO-488 label is analogous to the well known dye fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and can be used with filters typically used to detect FITC. Anti-µ-Opioid Receptor (OPRM1) (extracellular)-ATTO Fluor-488 Antibody is specially suited to experiments requiring simultaneous labeling of different markers.
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