Overview
- Peptide RTSDSRDHTRVDWKR(C), corresponding to amino acid residues 271-285 of rat GluR1 (Accession P19490). Extracellular, N-terminus.
Expression of GluR1 in human U-87 MG cellsCell surface detection of GluR1 in human live intact glioblastoma U-87 MG cells. A. Cells were labeled with Anti-GluR1 (GluA1) (extracellular)-ATTO Fluor-594 Antibody (#AGC-004-AR), (1:25), (red). B. Live image of the cells.
- Dingledine, R. et al. (1999) Pharmacol. Rev. 51, 7.
- Sheng, M. and Lee, S.H. (2001) Cell 105, 825.
- Song, I. and Huganir, R.L. (2002) Trends Neurosci. 25, 578.
AMPA receptors are members of the glutamate receptor family of ion channels that also include the NMDA and Kainate receptors. The three subfamilies are named after the original synthetic agonists that were identified as selective ligands of each family.
The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subfamily includes four members AMPA1-AMPA4 that are also known as GluR1-GluR4 respectively.
The functional AMPA channel is believed to be a tetramer, with most neuronal AMPA receptors being actually heterotetramers composed of AMPA1 plus AMPA2 or AMPA2 plus AMPA3, although homotetramers can also be found.
AMPA receptors are permeable to cations Na+, K+ and Ca2+. The Ca2+ permeability is dependent on the presence of AMPA2: whenever this subunit is present, the channel will be impermeable to Ca2+. The Ca2+ permeability of the AMPA2 subunit is determined by the presence of an arginine (R) at a critical site in the pore loop instead of a glutamine (Q) present in the same site in the other AMPA subunits. A post-transcriptional process known as RNA editing determines the presence of this R. Since most AMPA2 subunits in the adult brain have undergone RNA editing and most AMPA receptors contain the AMPA2 subunit, most native AMPA receptors will be impermeable to Ca2+.
Gating of AMPA receptors by glutamate is extremely fast and therefore the AMPA receptors mediate most excitatory (depolarizing) currents in the brain during basal neuronal activity. The depolarization caused by the activation of post-synaptic AMPA receptors is necessary for the activation of NMDA receptors that will open only in the presence of both glutamate and a depolarized membrane.
Synaptic strength, defined as the level of post-synaptic depolarization, can be long term (hence the term long term potentiation, LTP) and therefore induce changes in signaling and protein synthesis in the activated neuron. These changes are associated with memory formation and learning.
Changes in synaptic strength are thought to involve rapid movement of the AMPA receptors in and out of the synapses and a great deal of effort has focused in understanding the mechanisms that govern AMPA receptor trafficking.
Anti-GluR1 (GluA1) (extracellular) Antibody (#AGC-004) is a highly specific antibody directed against an extracellular epitope of the rat ionotropic glutamate receptor 1. The antibody can be used in western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunocytochemistry applications. It has been designed to recognize GluR1 from human, mouse and rat samples.
Anti-GluR1 (GluA1) (extracellular)-ATTO Fluor-594 Antibody (#AGC-004-AR) is directly labeled with an ATTO-594 fluorescent dye. ATTO dyes are characterized by strong absorption (high extinction coefficient), high fluorescence quantum yield, and high photo-stability. The ATTO-594 fluorescent label belongs to the class of Rhodamine dyes and can be used with fluorescent equipment typically optimized to detect Texas Red and Alexa-594. Anti-GluR1 (GluA1) (extracellular)-ATTO Fluor-594 Antibody has been tested in immunohistochemical staining and is specially suited to experiments requiring simultaneous labeling of different markers.
Applications
Citations
Powered by Bioz- Immunohistochemical staining of mouse brain sections with #AGC-004. Tested in GLUA1-/- mice.
Egbenya, D.L. et al. (2018) Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 92, 93.
