Overview
- Peptide (C)KTSYAGVKEKYLSE, corresponding to amino acid residues 398 - 311 of human CD39 (Accession P49961). Extracellular loop.
Cell surface detection of CD39 in live intact mouse BV-2 microglia cells:___ Cells.
___ Cells + rabbit IgG isotype control-FITC.
___ Cells + Anti-CD39 (extracellular)-FITC Antibody (#ANT-065-F), (5 µg).
Cell surface detection of CD39 in live intact human THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells:___ Cells.
___ Cells + rabbit IgG isotype control-FITC.
___ Cells + Anti-CD39 (extracellular)-FITC Antibody (#ANT-065-F), (2.5 µg).
- Takenaka, M.C. et al. (2016) Trends Immunol. 37, 427.
- Mosaad Zakki, E. et al. (2019) Hematol. Oncol. Stem Cell Ther. 12, 26.
- Kaniewska-Bednarczuk, E. (2018) Cardiovasc. Pathol. 36, 53.
- Raczkowski, F. et al. (2018) PLoS One 13, e0197151.
- Robson, S.C. et al. (2006) Purinergic Signal. 2, 409.
- Koziak, K. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 2057.
- Grinthal, A. and Guidotti, G. (2006) Purinergic Signal. 2, 391.
Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (NTPDase1, ENTPD1, or CD39) is an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphohydrolysis of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) and diphosphate (eADP), that are released following inflammatory stress and cell injury, to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). AMP is then used by the ecto-5’-nucleotidase CD73 to synthesize adenosine1.
Hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate, performed by CD39, suppresses the immune system and inhibits T-cell and Natural killer (NK) cell responses. This inhibition has a role in promoting Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and hence it is proposed that blockade or inhibition of CD39 may be a target for new immune therapy for CLL2. CD39 activity is also related to the occurrence of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD)3, and to various other types of immune responses4. In addition, CD39 plays a dominant role in the purinergic regulation of inflammation1.
The transcription of CD39 is constitutive in microvascular endothelium and certain immune cells. The modulated expression of NTPDase1 has been closely associated with inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and hypoxia in vitro and in vivo5.
Localization of CD39 within lipid rafts suggests that this ecto-enzyme may be involved in cell-cell contact and signaling6.
CD39 is a part of the ectonucleoside triphosphate dyphosphohydrolases (eNTDPase) protein family which shares a unique structural feature: instead of being anchored in the membrane by a single transmembrane domain or lipid link like other ectoenzymes, these proteins contain two transmembrane domains, one at each end of the protein. The active site lies in the large extracellular region. In addition, all family members share a set of short sequences termed apyrase conserved regions (ACRs)7.
Anti-CD39 (extracellular) Antibody (#ANT-065) is a highly specific antibody directed against an epitope of the human protein. The antibody can be used in western blot and indirect live cell flow cytometry applications. It has been designed to recognize ENTPD1 from rat, mouse, and human samples.
Anti-CD39 (extracellular)-FITC Antibody (#ANT-065-F) is directly conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The antibody can be used in immunofluorescent applications such as direct live cell flow cytometry.
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