Overview
- Peptide (C)KQNHEDDYLSDGINTPEP, corresponding to amino acid residues 643-660 of rat CNGA2. (Accession Q00195). Intracellular, C-terminus.
Western blot analysis of rat brain membranes:1. Anti-CNGA2 Antibody (#APC-045), (1:200).
2. Anti-CNGA2 Antibody, preincubated with CNGA2 Blocking Peptide (#BLP-PC045).
Expression of CNGA2 in rat cerebellumImmunohistochemical staining of rat cerebellum using Anti-CNGA2 Antibody (#APC-045). A. CNGA2 (red) appears in Purkinje cells (vertical arrows) and in astrocytic fibers (horizontal arrows) traversing the cerebellar molecular layer (Mol). B. Staining of astrocytes with mouse anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, green) demonstrates the full distribution of astrocytic fibers (horizontal arrows) in the cerebellum. C. Confocal merge of panels A and B.
Expression of CNGA2 in mouse cerebrumImmunohistochemical staining of mouse cerebrum using Anti-CNGA2 Antibody (#APC-045). A. CNGA2 (red) appears in cells lining up the wall of the lateral ventricle (LV) (horizontal arrows). B. Staining of astrocytes with mouse anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, green) demonstrates penetration of astrocytic fibers (vertical arrows) into the wall of the lateral ventricle. C. Confocal merge of panels A and B.
Expression of CNGA2 in rat cerebellum primary cultureImmunocytochemical staining of paraformaldehyde-fixed and permeabilized rat cerebellum primary culture. A-F. Immunocytochemical staining using Anti-CNGA2 Antibody (#APC-045), (1:100) followed by goat anti-rabbit-AlexaFluor-555 secondary antibody.
Magnification:
A-C: x20
D-F: x100
- Biel, M. et al.(1999) Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 135, 151.
- Kramer, R.H. and Molokanova, E. (2001) J. Exp. Biol. 204, 2921.
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- Molday, R.S. (1996) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 6, 445.
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- Podda, M.V. et al. (2005) Neuroreport 16, 1939.
Cyclic nucleotides are important second messengers in many cellular functions such as visual transduction, and relaxation of smooth muscle cells. Cyclic nucleotides exert their cellular functions through three major classes of cellular receptors, one of them is the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels.1 The CNG channels are non-selective cation channels facilitating the influx of Na+ and Ca2+ ions, following activation by intracellular cyclic nucleotides.2 In vertebrates, six members of the CNG channel family were identified and grouped according to sequence homology into two subtypes, CNGA and CNGB. To date, four types of the a subunits (CNGA1-4) and two b subunits (CNGB1, CNGB3) have been characterized.3
Native CNG channels are composed of a and b subunits in a tetrameric configuration. Each subunit contains 6 TM domains and intracellular cAMP or cGMP binding domains, but are also modulated by other factors including phosphorylation and calmodulin.4 In a heterologous expression system, only the a subunits are capable of forming functional homomeric channels.
CNG ion channels are essential in visual and olfactory signal transduction.
CNG channels were originally detected in rod and cone photoreceptors and olfactory receptor cells, where they mediate the transduction of external sensory stimuli into neuronal activity.5
CNGA2 is predominantly expressed in olfactory neurons (the olfactory type receptor). However, electrophysiological and molecular data indicate that CNGA1, and especially CNGA2, are widely distributed and functionally active in many regions of the brain, including the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem.6
Alomone Labs is pleased to offer a highly specific antibody directed against an intracellular epitope of the rat CNGA2 channel. Anti-CNGA2 Antibody (#APC-045) can be used in western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunocytochemistry applications. It has been designed to recognize CNGA2 from human, rat, and mouse samples.
Expression of CNGA2 in mouse neural stem cells.Immunocytochemical staining of mouse neural stem cells with Anti-CNGA2 Antibody (#APC-045). CNGA2 staining (green) co-localizes with Nestin (red), a neural stem cell marker and MAP2 (red), a neuronal marker at different differentiation stages.Adapted from Podda, M.V. et al. (2013) PLoS ONE 8, e73246. with permission of PLoS.
Applications
Citations
Powered by Bioz- Mouse olfactory epithelium lysate (1:2000).
Ferguson, C.H. and Zhao, H. (2017) J. Neurosci. 37, 110. - Rat olfactory mucosa lysate.
Villar, P.S. et al. (2017) J. Neurosci. 37, 5736. - Mouse neural stem cell lysate (1:200).
Podda, M.V. et al. (2013) PLoS ONE 8, e73246. - Mouse olfactory epithelial lysate (1:200).
Oztokatli, H. et al. (2012) FASEB J. 256, 617. - Human olfactory epithelial cell lysate.
Borgmann-Winter, K.E. et al. (2009) Neuroscience 158, 642. - Bovine aorta lysate.
Shalom, R. et al. (2006) Eur. J. Pharmacol. 543, 8.
- Mouse olfactory epithelium sections.
Almatrouk, A. et al. (2018) Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19, 2939. - Mouse olfactory bulb sections (1:500).
Pyrski, M. et al. (2018) Front. Cell. Neurosci. 12, 295. - Mouse olfactory epithelium sections.
Ferguson, C.H. and Zhao, H. (2017) J. Neurosci. 37, 110. - Mouse olfactory epithelium sections.
Maurya, D.K. et al. (2017) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114, E9386. - Mouse olfactory tissue sections (1:300).
Jiang, L. et al. (2015) FASEB J. 29, 4866. - Mouse olfactory and retina sections (1:300).
Ying, G. et al. (2014) J. Neurosci. 34, 6377. - Mouse brain sections (1:60).
Podda, M.V. et al. (2013) PLoS ONE 8, e73246. - Mouse olfactory cilia (1:200).
Kaneko-Goto, T. et al. (2013) J. Neurosci. 33, 12987. - Mouse olfactory epithelial sections (1:500).
Oztokatli, H. et al. (2012) FASEB J. 256, 617. - Rat brain sections.
Podda, M.V. et al. (2008) J. Physiol. 586, 803. - Rat cochlea sections.
Drescher, M.J. et al. (2002) Mol. Brain. Res. 98, 1.
- Mouse neural stem cells (1:100).
Podda, M.V. et al. (2013) PLoS ONE 8, e73246. - Human olfactory epithelial cell culture.
Borgmann-Winter, K.E. et al. (2009) Neuroscience 158, 642.
- Gerhold, K.A. et al. (2013) PLoS ONE 8, e55001.
- McIntyre, J.C. et al. (2012) Nat. Med. 18, 1423.
- Podda, M.V. et al. (2012) Glia 60, 1391.
