Overview
- Peptide (C)RGAEETVEGTKTDR, corresponding to amino acid residues 301-314 of rat FFAR2 (Accession Q76EI6). Intracellular, C-terminus.
Western blot analysis of rat stomach (lanes 1 and 3) and small intestine (lanes 2 and 4) lysates:1,2. Anti-GPR43/FFAR2 Antibody (#AFR-032), (1:500).
3,4. Anti-GPR43/FFAR2 Antibody, preincubated with GPR43/FFAR2 Blocking Peptide (#BLP-FR032).
Western blot analysis of mouse colon lysate:1. Anti-GPR43/FFAR2 Antibody (#AFR-032), (1:200).
2. Anti-GPR43/FFAR2 Antibody, preincubated with GPR43/FFAR2 Blocking Peptide (#BLP-FR032).
Expression of GPR43/FFAR2 in mouse hippocampus.Immunohistochemical staining of perfusion-fixed frozen mouse brain sections with Anti-GPR43/FFAR2 Antibody (#AFR-032), (1:300), followed by goat anti-rabbit-AlexaFluor-488. A. Staining in the mouse hippocampal CA1 region showed FFAR2 immunoreactivity (green) in the pyramidal layer (P) and in astrocyte outlines (arrows). B. Pre-incubation of the antibody with GPR43/FFAR2 Blocking Peptide (BLP-FR032), suppressed staining. Cell nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue).
Expression of GPR43/FFAR2 in rat hippocampus.Immunohistochemical staining of perfusion-fixed frozen rat brain sections with Anti-GPR43/FFAR2 Antibody (#AFR-032), (1:300), followed by goat anti-rabbit-AlexaFluor-488. A. Staining in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus region showed FFAR2 immunoreactivity (green) in astrocyte outlines (arrows) most intensely in the hilus (H). B. Pre-incubation of the antibody with GPR43/FFAR2 Blocking Peptide (BLP-FR032), suppressed staining. Cell nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue).
- Stoddart, L.A. et al. (2008) Pharmacol. Rev. 60, 405.
- Bindels, L.B. et al. (2013) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 23, 226.
Fatty acids have long been recognized for the variety of their effects in the body. Yet, until recently, these actions were thought to be mediated exclusively via actions on cellular metabolism. There are currently three known receptors for free fatty acids: FFA1, FFA2, and FFA3.
Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) is a G-protein coupled receptor containing seven hydrophobic regions, consistent with transmembrane (TM) spanning helices. FFA2 contains cysteine residues in the first and second extracellular loops that are likely to contribute to structure via the formation of intramolecular disulfide bonds. FFA2 mRNA is detected in a number of tissues, but the highest expression is found in immune cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, B-lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells.
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are fatty acids of less than six carbons and were found to be endogenous agonists of FFA2. The most potent agonist of the receptor is acetate (C2) and propionate (C3) being equipotent followed by butyrate (C4) and then valerate (C5) and formate (C1)1.
FFA2 is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Stimulation of FFA2 by acetate allows resolution of a colitis-related inflammatory response. FFA2 knockout mice show exacerbated or unresolved inflammation in cases of acute and chronic colitis, arthritis, and asthma. In contrast, other studies show that knockout mice exhibit an increased mortality compared to control mice, despite reduced immune cell recruitment, decreased colonic inflammation, and attenuated colonic tissue damage2.
Anti-GPR43/FFAR2 Antibody (#AFR-032) is a highly selective antibody directed against an epitope of the rat Free fatty acid receptor 2. The antibody can be used in western blot analysis. It has been designed to recognize FFAR2 from mouse and rat samples. The antibody is not suited to recognize FFAR2 from human samples.
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