Name: Anti-GPR31 (extracellular) Antibody
Brand: Alomone Labs
SKU: AGR-064

Overview

Cat #: AGR-064

Alternative Name G Protein-Coupled Receptor 31, 12-(S)-HETE Acid Receptor, 12-HETER, GPR31/12-HETER

Lyophilized Powder yes

Type: Polyclonal

Host: Rabbit

Reactivity: m, r

Immunogen

Peptide CRTTQNSTE(S)PSFYPTG, corresponding to amino acid residues 153 - 169 of mouse GPR31 (Accession F8VQN3). Extracellular, 2^nd loop.

Accession (Uniprot) Number F8V5N3

Gene ID 436440

Peptide confirmation Confirmed by amino acid analysis and mass spectrometry.

Homology Mouse – 16 out of 17 amino acid identical. Rat – 14 out of 17 amino acid identical. It won’t recognize human GPR31.

Purity Affinity purified on immobilized antigen.

Form Lyophilized powder. Reconstituted antibody contains phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 1% BSA, 0.05% NaN₃.

Form Lyophilized powder. Reconstituted antibody contains phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4.

Isotype Rabbit IgG

Storage before reconstitution The antibody ships as a lyophilized powder at room temperature. Upon arrival, it should be stored at -20°C.

Reconstitution 25 µl, 50 µl or 0.2 ml double distilled water (DDW), depending on the sample size.

Reconstitution 0.2 ml double distilled water (DDW).

Antibody concentration after reconstitution 0.8 mg/ml.

Storage after reconstitution The reconstituted solution can be stored at 4°C for up to 1 week. For longer periods, small aliquots should be stored at -20°C. Avoid multiple freezing and thawing. Centrifuge all antibody preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Preadsorption Control 1 µg peptide per 1 µg antibody
GPR31 (extracellular) Blocking Peptide (#BLP-GR064)

Standard quality control of each lot Western blot analysis.

Applications: ifc, ih, lci, wb

May also work in: ic*, ip*

Western blot

Western blot analysis of mouse brain membranes (lanes 1 and 3) and rat brain membranes (lanes 2 and 4):
1-2. Anti-GPR31 (extracellular) Antibody (#AGR-064), (1:200).
3-4. Anti-GPR31 (extracellular) Antibody, preincubated with GPR31 (extracellular) Blocking Peptide (BLP-GR064).
Western blot analysis of mouse P815 mast cell line lysate (lanes 1 and 3) and mouse J774 macrophage cell line lysate (lanes 2 and 4):
1-2. Anti-GPR31 (extracellular) Antibody (#AGR-064), (1:200).
3-4. Anti-GPR31 (extracellular) Antibody, preincubated with GPR31 (extracellular) Blocking Peptide (BLP-GR064).

Immunohistochemistry

Expression of GPR31 in rat hippocampus.
Immunohistochemical staining of perfusion-fixed frozen rat brain sections with Anti-GPR31 (extracellular) Antibody (#AGR-064), (1:300), followed by goat anti-rabbit-AlexaFluor-488. A. Staining in the hippocampal CA3 region, showed GPR31 immunoreactivity (green), that appears diffusely in the mossy fiber terminal zone (MFT)(arrows). B. Pre-incubation of the antibody with GPR31 (extracellular) Blocking Peptide (BLP-GR064), suppressed staining. Cell nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). P= pyramidal layer.

Indirect flow cytometry

Cell surface detection of GPR31 by indirect flow cytometry in live intact mouse P815 mast cell line:
^___ Cells.
^___ Cells + goat-anti-rabbit-PE.
^___ Cells + Anti-GPR31 (extracellular) Antibody (#AGR-064), (2.5μg) + goat-anti-rabbit-PE.

References

Guo, Y. et al. (2011) J. Biol. Chem. 286, 33832. .
Biringer, R.G. (2022) J. Cell Comm. Sig. 16, 5.
Zhang, X.J. et al. (2018) Nat. Med. 24, 73.
Morita, N. et al. (2019) Nature. 566, 110.
Honn, K.V. et al. (2016) J. FASEB. 30, 2360.
Napolitano, M. (2019) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 47, 743.
Mashiko, M. et al. (2019) J. Biochem. 166, 317.

Scientific background

GPR31, also known as 12-HETER or HETER1, is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily.

GPR31 was found to be a high affinity receptor for 12-(S)-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), a metabolite of arachidonic acid produced by the action of the enzyme 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), even though GPR31 is still formally considered as a Class A orphan GPCR receptor.^1-2

Interestingly, 12-HETE is also a ligand for other GPCRs like Thromboxane A2 receptor or ion channels like TRPV1, although at lower affinities.²

GPR31 is expressed in various tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, liver, brain and several types of immune cells.

The involvement of GPR31 in various aspects of the inflammatory process have been intensely studied. GPR31plays a key role in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. It is responsible for mediating the inflammatory response triggered by the accumulation of 12-HETE, produced by the enzyme ALOX12.³

In addition, it was shown that GPR31 to plays a crucial role in the immune response by regulating the activity of intestinal CX3CR1+ cells. GPR31 activation promotes dendritic cell protrusions of intestinal CX3CR1+ cells, a mechanism is essential for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and could be pivotal in inflammatory conditions where the immune system's interaction with gut microbiota is disrupted.^{4, 6}

GPR31 has been implicated in cancer biology. Its activation can promote the migration and invasion of cancer cells, contributing to metastasis. Overexpression of GPR31 has been observed in certain types of cancer including pancreatic, prostate, and breast cancers.^{5, 6} In this context, it is interesting to note that GPR31 can also be activated by acidic extracellular conditions, a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment.⁷

In brief, GPR31 receptor has an important role in the regulation of cell migration, cancer metastasis, and inflammation. Its role in these processes makes it a significant target for potential therapeutic interventions in cancer and inflammatory diseases.

Application key:

CBE- Cell-based ELISA, FC- Flow cytometry, ICC- Immunocytochemistry, IE- Indirect ELISA, IF- Immunofluorescence, IFC- Indirect flow cytometry, IHC- Immunohistochemistry, IP- Immunoprecipitation, LCI- Live cell imaging, N- Neutralization, WB- Western blot

Species reactivity key:

H- Human, M- Mouse, R- Rat

Lyophilized Powder

Anti-GPR31 (extracellular) Antibody (#AGR-064) is a highly specific antibody directed against an extracellular epitope of the mouse protein. The antibody can be used in western blot, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry applications. It has been designed to recognize GPR31 from mouse and rat samples. The antibody will not recognize human GPR31.

Certificate of Analysis SDS

For research purposes only, not for human use

Last Update: 29/10/2024

Navigation

Order Summary

Anti-GPR31 (extracellular) Antibody

Overview

Application key:

Species reactivity key:

Applications

Citations

Specifications

Scientific Background

Need Help With This Product?