Overview
- Peptide CRTTQNSTE(S)PSFYPTG, corresponding to amino acid residues 153 - 169 of mouse GPR31 (Accession F8VQN3). Extracellular, 2nd loop.
GPR31 (extracellular) Blocking Peptide (#BLP-GR064)
Western blot analysis of mouse brain membranes (lanes 1 and 3) and rat brain membranes (lanes 2 and 4):1-2. Anti-GPR31 (extracellular) Antibody (#AGR-064), (1:200).
3-4. Anti-GPR31 (extracellular) Antibody, preincubated with GPR31 (extracellular) Blocking Peptide (BLP-GR064).
Western blot analysis of mouse P815 mast cell line lysate (lanes 1 and 3) and mouse J774 macrophage cell line lysate (lanes 2 and 4):1-2. Anti-GPR31 (extracellular) Antibody (#AGR-064), (1:200).
3-4. Anti-GPR31 (extracellular) Antibody, preincubated with GPR31 (extracellular) Blocking Peptide (BLP-GR064).
GPR31, also known as 12-HETER or HETER1, is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily.
GPR31 was found to be a high affinity receptor for 12-(S)-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), a metabolite of arachidonic acid produced by the action of the enzyme 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), even though GPR31 is still formally considered as a Class A orphan GPCR receptor.1-2
Interestingly, 12-HETE is also a ligand for other GPCRs like Thromboxane A2 receptor or ion channels like TRPV1, although at lower affinities.2
GPR31 is expressed in various tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, liver, brain and several types of immune cells.
The involvement of GPR31 in various aspects of the inflammatory process have been intensely studied. GPR31plays a key role in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. It is responsible for mediating the inflammatory response triggered by the accumulation of 12-HETE, produced by the enzyme ALOX12.3
In addition, it was shown that GPR31 to plays a crucial role in the immune response by regulating the activity of intestinal CX3CR1+ cells. GPR31 activation promotes dendritic cell protrusions of intestinal CX3CR1+ cells, a mechanism is essential for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and could be pivotal in inflammatory conditions where the immune system's interaction with gut microbiota is disrupted.4, 6
GPR31 has been implicated in cancer biology. Its activation can promote the migration and invasion of cancer cells, contributing to metastasis. Overexpression of GPR31 has been observed in certain types of cancer including pancreatic, prostate, and breast cancers.5, 6 In this context, it is interesting to note that GPR31 can also be activated by acidic extracellular conditions, a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment.7
In brief, GPR31 receptor has an important role in the regulation of cell migration, cancer metastasis, and inflammation. Its role in these processes makes it a significant target for potential therapeutic interventions in cancer and inflammatory diseases.
