Name: Anti-GPR34 (extracellular) Antibody
Brand: Alomone Labs
SKU: AGR-055

Overview

Cat #: AGR-055

Alternative Name G-protein coupled receptor 34, LYPSR1

Lyophilized Powder yes

Type: Polyclonal

Host: Rabbit

Reactivity: h, m, r

Immunogen

Peptide CFHYRDRHNAKGE, corresponding to amino acid residues 197 - 209 of mouse GPR34 (Accession Q9R1K6). 2^nd extracellular loop.

Accession (Uniprot) Number Q9R1K6

Gene ID 23890

Peptide confirmation Confirmed by amino acid analysis and mass spectrometry.

Homology Human, rat – 12/13 amino acid residues identical

Purity Affinity purified on immobilized antigen.

Form Lyophilized powder. Reconstituted antibody contains phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 1% BSA, 0.05% NaN₃.

Form Lyophilized powder. Reconstituted antibody contains phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4.

Isotype Rabbit IgG.

Storage before reconstitution The antibody ships as a lyophilized powder at room temperature. Upon arrival, it should be stored at -20°C.

Reconstitution 25 µl, 50 µl or 0.2 ml double distilled water (DDW), depending on the sample size.

Reconstitution 0.2 ml double distilled water (DDW).

Antibody concentration after reconstitution 0.8 mg/ml.

Storage after reconstitution The reconstituted solution can be stored at 4°C for up to 1 week. For longer periods, small aliquots should be stored at -20°C. Avoid multiple freezing and thawing. Centrifuge all antibody preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Standard quality control of each lot Western blot analysis.

Applications: ifc, wb

May also work in: ic*, ih*, ip*, lci*

Western blot

Western blot analysis of rat brain lysate (lanes 1 and 3) and mouse brain membranes (lanes 2 and 4):
1,2. Anti-GPR34 (extracellular) Antibody (#AGR-055), (1:200).
3,4. Anti-GPR34 (extracellular) Antibody, preincubated with GPR34 (extracellular) Blocking Peptide (#BLP-GR055).
Western blot analysis of mouse BV-2 microglia cell line lysate (lanes 1 and 3) and human THP-1 monocytic leukemia cell line lysate (lanes 2 and 4):
1,2. Anti-GPR34 (extracellular) Antibody (#AGR-055), (1:200).
3,4. Anti-GPR34 (extracellular) Antibody, preincubated with GPR34 (extracellular) Blocking Peptide (#BLP-GR055).

Indirect flow cytometry

Cell surface detection of GPR34 in live intact mouse BV-2 microglia cells:
^___ Cells.
^___ Cells + goat-anti-rabbit-FITC.
^___ Cells + Anti-GPR34 (extracellular) Antibody (#AGR-055), (5 µg) + goat-anti-rabbit-FITC.

References

Spicer, L.J. et al. (2017) Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 59, 90.
Schöneberg, T. et al. (2018) Pharmacol. Ther.189, 71.
Sayama, M. et al. (2017) J. Med. Chem. 60, 6384.
Jäger, E. et al. (2016) J. Immunol. 196, 2504.

Scientific background

The G-protein-coupled receptor 34 (GPR34) is currently classified as an orphan receptor of the P2Y₁₂-like receptor group. The receptor belongs to the super family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)¹.

The N-terminus of human GPR34 has three putative N-glycosylation sites (NXS/T), and the C-terminus has a cysteine residue which is palmitoylated in many GPCRs. GPR34 contains several putative phosphorylation sites primed by a serine or threonine in the C-terminus².

GPR34 is highly expressed in immune cells such as mast cells, macrophages, microglia, and immune system–derived cell lines (HL-60, K562, WEHI-3B, RAW 264.7, P815). Studies shows that GPR34 function is required to arrest microglia in the M0 homeostatic non-phagocytic phenotype and downregulation of GPR34 promotes the neurodegenerative microglia phenotype^2,3,4.

GPR34 is linked to several human diseases including immunological diseases and cancer. Most known effects of GPR34 are immune function-related. For example, GPR34 is significantly down-regulated in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages; GPR34 mRNA is significantly lower in the cerebrospinal fluid from multiple sclerosis patients; GPR34 is significantly upregulated in the striatum and cortex of patients with Parkinson's disease but downregulated in substantia nigra. elevated GPR34 also plays a role in the progression of some tumors, such as human gastric adenocarcinoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and colorectal cancer^1-3.

Application key:

CBE- Cell-based ELISA, FC- Flow cytometry, ICC- Immunocytochemistry, IE- Indirect ELISA, IF- Immunofluorescence, IFC- Indirect flow cytometry, IHC- Immunohistochemistry, IP- Immunoprecipitation, LCI- Live cell imaging, N- Neutralization, WB- Western blot

Species reactivity key:

H- Human, M- Mouse, R- Rat

Lyophilized Powder

Anti-GPR34 (extracellular) Antibody (#AGR-055) is a highly specific antibody directed against an epitope of the mouse protein. The antibody can be used in western blot and indirect flow cytometry applications. It has been designed to recognize GPR34 from human, mouse, and rat samples.

Certificate of Analysis SDS

For research purposes only, not for human use

Last Update: 29/10/2024

Applications

Citations

Specifications

Scientific Background

Specific Control Product

GPR34 (extracellular) Blocking Peptide (#BLP-GR055) is the original antigen used for immunization during Anti-GPR34 (extracellular) Antibody (#AGR-055) generation. The blocking peptide binds and ‘blocks’ Anti-GPR34 (extracellular) primary antibody, this makes it a good negative reagent control to help confirm antibody specificity in western blot and immunohistochemistry applications. This control is also often called a pre-adsorption control.

GPR34 (extracellular) Blocking Peptide (#BLP-GR055)

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Anti-GPR34 (extracellular) Antibody