Overview
- Peptide (C)DRRFIDFQFQDLNS, corresponding to amino acid residues 3-16 of mouse LPA4 receptor (Accession Q8BLG2).
Western blot analysis of rat (lanes 1 and 3) and mouse (lanes 2 and 4) heart membranes:1,2. Anti-LPAR4 (P2Y9) (extracellular) Antibody (#ALR-034), (1:500).
3,4. Anti-LPAR4 (P2Y9) (extracellular) Antibody, preincubated with LPAR4/P2Y9 (extracellular) Blocking Peptide (#BLP-LR034).
Expression of LPA4 receptor in rat and mouse brainImmunohistochemical staining of rat choroid plexus and mouse hippocampal CA3 region using Anti-LPAR4 (P2Y9) (extracellular) Antibody (#ALR-034), (1:400). A. LPA4 receptor staining (red) in rat choroid plexus appears in astrocytes (vertical arrows) and in cells of the choroid plexus (horizontal arrow). C. LPA4 receptor staining (red) in mouse hippocampal CA3 region is detected in astrocytes (arrows). B, D. Nuclear staining using DAPI as the counterstain (blue).
- Gendaszewska-Darmach, E. (2008) Acta Biochim. Pol. 55, 22.
- Noguchi, K. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 25600.
- Yanagida, K. and Ishii, S. (2011) J. Biochem. 150, 223.
- Oh, D.Y. et al. (2006) Int. Rev. Cytol. 252, 163.
- Sumida, H. et al. (2010) Blood 116, 1.
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid molecule with a phosphate, a glycerol, and a fatty acid in its structure. The cellular effects of LPA include proliferation, migration, cytokine secretion, and morphological change. These pleiotropic actions allow LPA to participate in a wide variety of biological processes, such as brain development, oncogenesis, wound healing and cancer progression1. To date, at least 6 subtypes of LPA receptor have been identified. The LPA1–3 receptors are members of the endothelial cell differentiation gene (Edg) family. LPA4, a member of the purinergic receptor family, and the recently identified LPA5 are structurally distant from the canonical Edg LPA1–3 receptors. LPA4 and LPA5 are linked to Gq, G12/13 and Gs but not Gi, while LPA1–3 all couple to Gi in addition to Gq and G12/132.
LPA4 (P2Y9/GPR23) was cloned as an orphan GPCR and is closely related to the purinergic P2Y receptors3. Like all GPCRs it has seven transmembrane helices (TMHs) connected by three extracellular loops (ECLs), and three intracellular loops (ICLs); the N-terminus is on the extracellular side of the membrane, and the C-terminus is on the cytoplasmic side4.
LPA4 is weakly expressed; there are high levels only in ovary2.
LPA4-deficient mice display abnormalities in the blood vascular systems, which caused lethality of embryos and neonates5.
Alomone Labs is pleased to offer a highly specific antibody directed against an epitope of the mouse LPA4 receptor. Anti-LPAR4 (P2Y9) (extracellular) Antibody (#ALR-034) can be used in western blot and immunohistochemistry applications. The antibody recognizes an extracellular epitope and is thus ideal for detecting the receptor in living cells. It has been designed to recognize LPA4 receptor from mouse, rat and human samples.
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