Overview
- Peptide KPKGHPHMNSIR(C), corresponding to amino acid residues 33-44 of rat mGluR4 (Accession P31423). Extracellular, N-terminus.
Western blot analysis of rat (lanes 1 and 3) and mouse (lanes 2 and 4) brain membranes:1,2. Anti-mGluR4 (extracellular) Antibody (#AGC-014), (1:200).
3,4. Anti-mGluR4 (extracellular) Antibody, preincubated with mGluR4 (extracellular) Blocking Peptide (#BLP-GC014).
Expression of mGluR4 in rat PC12 cellsCell surface detection of mGluR4 in live intact rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. A. Extracellular staining of cells using Anti-mGluR4 (extracellular) Antibody (#AGC-014), (1:50), followed by goat anti-rabbit-AlexaFluor-594 secondary antibody (red). B. Live view of the cells. C. Merge of A and B. Nuclei are stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue).
- Kim, C.H. et al. (2008) J. Neurosci. Res. 86, 1.
- Niswender, C.M. and Conn, P.J. (2010) Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 50, 295.
- Chaudhari, N. et al. (2000) Nat. Neurosci. 3, 113.
- Chaudhari, N. et al. (2009) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 90, 738S.
- Pekhletski, R. et al. (1996) J. Neurosci. 16, 6364.
- Conn, P.J. et al. (2005) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 6, 787.
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) belong to the super family of G-protein coupled receptors (seven transmembrane proteins). mGluRs are further divided into subfamilies: group I mGluRs (mGluR1 and mGluR5) which couple to Gq, thereby activating phospholipase C (PLC). Group II which include mGluR2 and mGluR3 couple to Gi, therefore inhibit the formation of adenylate cyclase. mGluR4, 6, 7, 8 which belong to group III also inhibit adenylate cyclase formation by coupling to Gi1.
The C-terminus of these receptors has important functions in modulating their activity. This region is important for G-protein coupling, post-translational modifications like phosphorylation as well as protein-protein interactions. The C-terminal region is also subject to alternative splicing2.
mGluR4 is predominantly expressed presynaptically in neurons and in the cerebellum. A splice variant of the protein is expressed in taste buds. This variant lacks a large portion of the N-terminus and is normally referred to taste mGluR43,4. It is responsible (along with taste mGluR1) for mediating the taste of monosodium glutamate (or unami)2,4.
mGluR4 knock out mice display impaired cerebellar synaptic plasticity as well as some learning disabilities5. In addition, this receptor has emerged as a target for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease6.
Alomone Labs is pleased to offer a highly specific antibody directed against an extracellular epitope of rat mGluR4. Anti-mGluR4 (extracellular) Antibody (#AGC-014) can be used in western blot and live cell imaging applications. It has been designed to recognize mGluR4 from rat, mouse and human samples.
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