Neuropeptides B/W receptor type 1 (NPBWR1), also known as G-protein coupled receptor 7 (GPR7), is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily.

NPBWR1 mediates the biological activities of Neuropeptide B (NPB) and neuropeptide W (NPW) that are structurally and functionally related endogenous neuropeptides. In humans, a second receptor termed NPBWR2 or GPR8, has been identified, however, NPBWR2 is absent in rodents.^1,2

NPBWR1 is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and in peripheral tissues. In the brain expression of NPBWR1 is found in several regions including hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala. Indeed, the distribution of NPBWR1 and its ligands in brain is in accordance to their established functions in appetite control and feeding behavior, as well as locomotion, analgesia and stress response.^2,3

Several studies have pointed to the role of NPBWR1 in pain modulation. Interestingly, NPBWR1 has structural similarities with the opioid receptors and in fact, it binds non-selective opioid ligands such as β-endorphin.³ It has been suggested, that a combination therapies of morphine (an opioid receptor ligand) and NPBWR1 agonists could provide a new avenue to treat inflammatory and neuropathic pain with less risk of adverse effects. ⁴

In the periphery, NPBWR1 may be involved in energy homeostasis by regulating insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells and regulating white and brown adipose tissue. ³