Anti-Taste Receptor Type 1 Member 3 (TAS1R3) (extracellular) Antibody

Taste receptor type 1 member 3 (TAS1R3), commonly known as T1R3, is a key component in the detection of sweet and umami tastes. TAS1R3 is part of the Class C G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and functions as a heterodimer with TAS1R1 or TAS1R2 to mediate umami and sweet taste perception, respectively. Structurally, members of this family share a large extracellular ligand-binding domain, seven transmembrane domains, and intracellular signaling regions^1,3.

TAS1R3 is localized primarily on the cell membrane of taste receptor cells within taste buds in the tongue’s fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae^3,5. TAS1R3 expression extends to the gastrointestinal tract and specific enteroendocrine cells, linking its activation to nutrient sensing and gut hormone secretion^2,4. Emerging evidence suggests that TAS1R3 is expressed in the hypothalamus, particularly in the paraventricular and arcuate nuclei, where it could play a role in integrating peripheral nutrient signals with neuroendocrine and behavioral responses⁶.

Upon binding of sugars, amino acids, or fatty acids, TAS1R3 activates downstream signaling via the Gα-gustducin and phospholipase Cβ2 pathways, leading to calcium mobilization and neurotransmitter release^3,5. TAS1R3-mediated signaling plays a significant role in nutrient detection, appetite regulation, and gut-brain axis communication. Dysfunction or altered TAS1R3 expression is implicated in metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and intestinal inflammation⁴.