Poneratoxin

Overview

Cat #: STP-360

Alternative Name Delta-paraponeritoxin-Pc1a, Delta-PPOTX-Pc1a, Pac-TX, PoTx, Pc1a

Lyophilized Powder yes

Origin Paraponera clavata (Bullet ant) (Izuela)

Source Synthetic peptide

MW: 2756.4 Da

Purity: ≥98%

Effective concentration 100 nM - 3 µM

Sequence FLPLLILGSLLMTPPVIQAIHDAQR – NH₂

Modifications Arg²⁵ – C-terminal amidation

Structure

Molecular formula C₁₂₉H₂₁₅N₃₃O₃₁S₁

Activity Poneratoxin is active on both Na_v1.6 and Na_v1.7 sodium channels, with a much potent activity on Na_v1.6 (EC50=97 nM) than on Na_v1.7 (EC50=2.3 µM).

References-Activity

Robinson, S.D. et al. (2023) Nat Commun., 14, 2977.

Accession number P41736

Shipping and storage The product is shipped as a lyophilized powder at room temperature. Upon receipt, store the product at -20°C. Protect from moisture.

Solubility Centrifuge the vial before adding solvent (10,000 x g for 5 minutes) to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Tap the vial to aid in dissolving the lyophilized product. Tilt and gently roll the liquid over the walls of the vial. Avoid vigorous vortexing. Light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed.

Soluble in DMSO. Prepare a concentrated stock solution by dissolving the lyophilized peptide in DMSO first (e.g., at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration). Once the peptide is completely dissolved in DMSO, slowly dilute the solution into the working buffer (or water) to the desired final working concentration.

Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to keep the DMSO concentration as low as possible. For cell assays, a final concentration of 0.1%–0.5% DMSO (v/v) is considered safe. For other experiments, a 5% DMSO (v/v) concentration is recommended.

Storage of solutions Store the reconstituted solution for the shortest time possible at -20°C. We do not recommend storing the product in working solution for longer than one day. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

Our bioassay

Alomone Labs Poneratoxin modulates Na_V1.7 channel currents in stably transfected HEK293 cells.
A. Representative time course, showing the effect of 3 µM (green) Poneratoxin (#STP-360) on the normalized area of Na_V1.7. Na_V1.7 currents were elicited by a 10 ms voltage step from the holding potential of -90 mV to -20 mV, applied every 5 sec, using whole-cell voltage clamp technique.
B. Superimposed traces of Na_V1.7 current after application of control (black) and of 3 μM Poneratoxin (green), taken from the recording in A.

References - Scientific background

Piek, T. et al. B. (1991) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C: Comp. Pharmacol., 99, 481.
Duval, A. et al. (1992) Pflugers Arch., 20, 239.
Robinson, S.D. et al. (2023) Nat Commun., 14, 2977.
Robinson S. D. et al. (2024) J. Biol. Chem., 300, 105577.

Scientific background

Delta-paraponeritoxin-Pc1a (Poneratoxin), originally isolated from the venom of Paraponera clavata (bullet ant), is a 25-amino acid peptide toxin that modulates voltage-gated sodium (Na_v) channels, particularly the Na_v1.6 and Na_v1.7 subtypes^1,2. The toxin modulates sodium channels by reducing their voltage threshold for activation and inhibiting channel inactivation with EC50 values of 97 ± 10 nM for Na_v1.6 and 2.3 ± 0.4 µM for Na_v1.7^2,3.

Structurally, Poneratoxin, along with other ant venom peptides such as Myrmicitoxin₁-Pm1a, Myrmicitoxin₁-Pm2a, Ectatotoxin-Rm4a and Delta-myrmicitoxin-Ta3a, represents a distinct class of Na_v channel modulators. These peptides are structurally and functionally unrelated to previously described classes of peptidic Na_v modulators. Their effects on Na_v channel currents more closely resemble those of the “site 2” alkaloid toxins, such as batrachotoxin^3,4.

Poneratoxin induces immediate, long-lasting nocifensive behaviors in mice, consistent with its potent modulation of sensory neuron Na_v channels. Its activity on Na_v1.7, channels expressed predominantly in peripheral sensory neurons, highlights its relevance in pain research and sodium channelopathies³.

Target Na_v1.6, Na_v1.7 channels

Lyophilized Powder

Poneratoxin (#STP-360) is a highly pure, synthetic, and biologically active peptide toxin.

Certificate of Analysis SDS

For research purposes only, not for human use

Last Update: 13/03/2025

Order Summary

Poneratoxin

Overview

Applications

Citations

Specifications

Scientific Background

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