Name: SNX-482
Brand: Alomone Labs
SKU: RTS-500

Overview

Cat #: RTS-500

Alternative Name ω-Theraphotoxin-Hg1a, ω-TRTX-Hg1a, SNX 482

Lyophilized Powder yes

Origin Recombinant, E. coli

MW: 4495 Da

Purity: >98% (HPLC)

Effective concentration 10-100 nM.

Sequence GVDKAGCRYMFGGCSVNDDCCPRLGCHSLFSYCAWDLTFSD.

Modifications Disulfide bonds between Cys⁷-Cys²¹, Cys¹⁴-Cys²⁶, and Cys²⁰-Cys³³.

Structure

Molecular formula C₁₉₂H₂₇₄N₅₂O₆₀S₇.

CAS No.: 203460-30-4

Activity SNX-482 blocks R-type (Ca_V2.3) and P/Q-type (Ca_V2.1) voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels¹. It also blocks A-type K⁺ channels with an IC₅₀< 3 nM².

References-Activity

Bourinet, E. et al. (2001) Biophys. J. 81, 79.
Kimm, T. and Bean, B.P. (2014) J. Neurosci. 34, 9182.

Shipping and storage Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Solubility Any aqueous buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Storage of solutions Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

Our bioassay

Alomone Labs SNX-482 inhibits Ca_V2.3 channels heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
Ca_V2.3 channel subunits co-expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Using TEVC, membrane potential was held at -100 mV. Ba²⁺ (10 mM) currents via Ca_V2.3 channels were elicited by 40 ms long voltage ramps from -100 to +60 mV, delivered every 10 seconds. Left: Representative current traces before and following the application of 100, 200 and 400 nM SNX-482 (#RTS-500), as indicated. Right: Dose-response for SNX-482 (n = 2-6).

References - Scientific background

Newcomb, R. et. al. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 15353.
Bourinet, E. et al. (2001) Biophys. J. 81, 79.
Wang, G. et al. (1999) J. Neurosci. 19, 9235.
Arroyo, G. et al. (2003) Eur. J. Pharmacol. 475, 11.
Kimm, T. and Bean, B.P. (2014) J. Neurosci. 34, 9182.

Scientific background

SNX-482 is a peptidyl toxin originally isolated from venom of the spider Hysterocrates gigas. Native SNX-482 blocks specifically Ca_V2.3 (α1E, R-type) channels¹ in a voltage-dependent manner. The block is reversible only upon application of strong voltage to facilitate unbinding.² SNX-482 inhibits human Ca_V2.3 channels stably expressed in a mammalian cell line. An IC₅₀ of 15-30 nM was obtained for block of Ca_V2.3 channel, using either patch clamp electrophysiology or K⁺-evoked Ca²⁺ flux. At low nanomolar concentrations, SNX-482 also blocked a native R-type Ca²⁺ current in rat neurohypophyseal nerve terminals, but concentrations of 200-500 nM had no effect on R-type Ca²⁺ currents in several types of rat central neurons.¹ SNX-482 was also used to demonstrate the contribution of Ca_V2.3 channels to transmitter release.³ Recently it was shown that higher concentrations of SNX-482 also block Ca_V2.1 channels in chromaffin cells.⁴

SNX-482 was found to be the most potent blocker to date for K_V4.3 channel with IC₅₀< 3 nM⁵.

Target Ca_V2.3, Ca_V2.1, K_V4.2, K_V4.3 channels

Peptide Content: 100%

Lyophilized Powder

SNX-482 (#RTS-500) is a highly pure, recombinant, and biologically active peptide toxin.

Certificate of Analysis SDS

Image & Title SNX-482

Alomone Labs Nifedipine and SNX-482 block L-type and R-type Ca_V channels respectively in rat pancreatic INS-1 832/13 β-cells.Representative Ca_V currents from INS-1 832/13 cells before and after treatment with Nifedipine (#N-120), a general L-type Ca_V channel blocker and SNX-482 (#RTS-500), a Ca_V2.3 channel blocker. 52% of the currents were blocked by Nifedipine (n = 8; p < 0.05) while 31% (n = 10; p < 0.001) of currents were blocked by SNX-482. Cells were held at −70 mV for 2 min after formation of whole-cell mode, and currents elicited by stepped 300 or 500 millisecond depolarizations in 10 mV increments.Adapted from Xie, L. et al. (2016) PLoS ONE 11, e0147862. with permission of PLoS.

For research purposes only, not for human use

Last Update: 25/08/2024

Applications

Citations

Published figures using this product

SNX-482 blocks K_V4.3 currents heterologously expressed in HEK 293 cells.
Effect of 3 nM (top) and 60 nM (bottom) SNX-482 (#RTS-500) on current carried by cloned K_V4.3 channels expressed in HEK-293 cells (left panels). Effect of 3 nM (top) and 60 nM (bottom) SNX-482 on current carried by cloned Ca_V2.3 channels expressed in HEK-293 cells. Recordings at 23°C.
Adapted from Kimm, T. and Bean, B.P. (2014) with permission of the Society for Neuroscience.

Electrophysiology

Rat INS-1 832/12 cells (whole-cell calcium currents).
Luan, C. et al. (2019) Commun. Biol. 2, 106.
Rat DRGs (patch clamp).
Moutal, A. et al. (2018) Neuroscience 381, 79.

Product citations

Resch, J.M. et al. (2017) Neuron 96, 190.
Sugino, S. et al. (2016) J. Neurophysiol. 115, 1577.
Xie, L. et al. (2016) PLoS ONE 11, e0147862.
Gerencser, A.A. et al. (2015) Biochem. J. 471, 111.
Rudolph, S. et al. (2015) J. Neurosci. 35, 15492.
He, S. et al. (2014) J. Neurosci. 34, 5261.
Kimm, T. and Bean, B.P. (2014) J. Neurosci. 34, 9182.
Lv, P. et al. (2014) J. Neurosci. 34, 7383.
Jones, S.L. and Stuart, G.J. (2013) J. Neurosci. 33, 19396.
Abitbol, K. et al. (2012) J. Physiol. 590.13, 2977.
Anderson, T.M. et al. (2012) J. Neurophysiol. 107, 103.
Lv, P. et al. (2012) J. Neurosci. 32, 163143.
Tzour, A. et al. (2012) J. Neuroendocrinol. 25, 76.
Chalifoux, J.R. and Carter, A.G. (2011) J. Neurosci. 31, 16435.
Hao, M.M. et al. (2011) J. Neurosci. 31, 15352.
Myoga, M.H. and Regehr, W.G. (2011) J. Neurosci. 31, 5235.
Castro, A. et al. (2009) J. Comp. Neurol. 513, 188.
Chu, J.Y. et al. (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 15961.
Yang, L. and Stephens, G.J. (2009) Cell Calcium 46, 248.
Braun, M. et al. (2008) Diabetes 57, 1618.

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SNX-482

Overview

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Citations

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Scientific Background

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